SECRETS OF BOB'S "MOTOWN" SOUND*

TIP SERIES SUMMARY

BY BOB DENNIS

ADMINISTRATOR, RECORDING INSTITUTE OF DETROIT

Analog 1/4 ich tape is a great sounding medium, when it is properly used.  What's missing in the modern digital master released on CD is this analog sound.  Many of today's mastering houses have all sorts of digital processors to try to simulate this analog sound that the recording engineer of the 60's had as his only choice.  The modern processors really help make the professionally mastered CD sound better and much better than the home recordist but they don't sound as good as this "old" technology.
In the introduction to this series of articles, I stated that what is missing from the modern digital master is the "old-technology" analog sound.   This article is how about to attain that "analog sound" or effectively simulate it for your recording to make a product with more "impact."
There are two general places that "analog sound" comes into play in the studio procedures. One place is in the final master tape and the other place is in the original multitrack recording.  We will be discussing both places.

THE ANALOG SOUND

WHY

Analog tape tends to "round" the transient peaks of music.   This is part of the "tape compression" characteristic of tape.   Spikes that can rise 20 dB higher than the "average" level get squashed quite a bit but in a manner where they don't really "sound" chopped.  Since digital media, like CD's, are sensitive to peak level, an analog master will have a significantly higher average level.  For the body of the music, a mild compression is added that, again, makes the average level of the master higher.  For a properly recorded analog master, the average level (how loud it sounds) is two to three times louder than an all-digital master.
Analog tape adds distortion.  On a properly recorded master, this comes off as an "edge" to the music.  The edge of analog tape is rather pleasing to most ears, and not the harsh sound of overloading electronics.

THE ANALOG SOUND

RECORDING THE MULTITRACK

Having mixed several projects where there were some tunes cut on analog 24 track machines and other tunes were cut with digital multitracks, I can tell you that the analog multitracks also have a higher average level than the digital multitrack.   When mixing with a properly-recorded analog master, the mix has more impact, with less work by the mixing engineer. This is especially true for things like drums.   Thus having each track have that analog "compression" and "edge" really helps the final project.
The results, however, are only obtained by a really good engineer, used to professional analog recording and with an expensive studio console and a fully-professional recorder.  The results are good only when the session is really well-recorded.
The artists and producers with large budgets will seek out a studio with an SSL console and a two-inch 24 track recorder.  This can be expensive ($90 to $200 per hour).  The producer will often transfer the analog multitrack to a digital multitrack system, where final overdubs (such as the lead vocal) are done before mixing begins.

THE ANALOG SOUND

RE-RECORDING THE MULTITRACK

Another alternative to recording with analog multitrack, is to transfer your multitrack to analog and then back to digital. 
Let's say that you recorded a tune in your basement on your ADAT system.   You got the micing down well because you have been reading REQ articles every week.   You were careful when you recorded the tape and didn't distort it or record a sea of noise.
Now you take your ADAT recordings to a large studio with experienced engineers, an SSL console and good analog multitrack recorders. The engineer feeds the audio signals into the SSL from ADAT's.  The engineer treats the signals like they were analog signals from microphones, and records them to 2 inch analog 24 track.   The engineer then transfers them back to the ADAT format.
The engineer makes sure that each track of the multitrack is recorded at the correct level for "best" sound on that instrument and adds processing (such as equalization & compression) as would normally be done for 24 track analog recording.  When transferring the signal back to digital, the engineer makes sure the peak levels are correct for the digital recording.

THE ANALOG SOUND

THE CONCLUSION

Getting the "multitrack analog sound" benefits can be expensive.   Most of the readers are not going to pay the kind of money that the big producers can to get a recording done at a large studio.  Re-recording your ADAT tape, on the other hand, could take an hour of studio time, where doing an actual session could take several hours.  Processing the stereo master tape by  re-recording at a pro studio or using a mixing processor are both viable methods in this stage.  The bottom line conclusion is that obtaining the impact and positive results of super-professional recording may not be that expensive.  You can move your faders on your home console all you want, but you won't get the kind of results we are talking about, unless you have an awfully well equipped home studio.

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