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RECORDING TECHNIQUES

October 1, 2001 "CONNECTION" ISSUE

THE SHURE BETA 52

A REVIEW BY DANIEL DENNIS

(This review is the opinion of the author and in no way should be construed as authorized by Shure - Please see User Agreement for more info)

This weekend I became very excited. The school received delivery on our new Beta-52. We bought it specifically for bass drum micing.

The Beta-52 is a supercardioid dynamic microphone, designed specifically for bass drums and other bass instruments. The frequency response of the microphone is set specifically for these types of signals.

In Audio Multitrack Recording Techniques, there is a recommended equalization chart that gives specific settings for different aspects of instruments. Included in this chart are the following:

Frequency:

Uses:

400 Hz

Reduce to decrease "cardboard" sound of lower drums (foot and toms).

5 kHz

Increase for more low frequency drum attack (foot/toms).

The chart is "recommended" - not always precise for every circumstance. On the 5 kHz increase, it has been noted by some engineers (myself and my boss included) that 4 kHz works just as well or better than 5 kHz for the kick drum. 

4 kHz is in the middle of the range commonly boosted. A 2.5 to 3 kHz boost with a Q of 2 accents the felt beater hit or makes the kick sound more like it had a felt beater. A similar 5 kHz boost sounds like and enhances the wood beater. A 7 kHz similar boost sounds like a metal beater. 4 kHz is a common boost averaging the difference between the felt and the wood. 

The below is the frequency response chart for the Beta-52 at 2 feet from the source (just about the distance away from the beater skin to get the maximum balance of the skin and shell sound).

Shure Beta 50 Frequency Response - 2 feet

As you can see, there is already a decrease in the 400 Hz area and an increase at the 4 kHz band, making EQing the kick less needed. And when dealing with EQ, especially analog EQ, the less needed the better.

For a bass guitar, 4-6 kHz is the presence range, and 5 kHz is commonly added to vocals to bring them more forward. In EQing instruments, you tend to avoid boosting the same harmonics on different instruments. This avoids muddiness. So this mic would work pretty well for a bass guitar as well.  You may have to add back in some 400 Hz to give some clarity - but in general this mic would work.

When miced closer, there is obviously going to be an increase of bass signal due to proximity effect. In the case of a kick, this is most often done in live circumstances where leakage is a major problem. In doing this, you of course lose the shell sound, but you increase the fundamental frequency of the kick. This would increase the "punch" of the bass drum - allowing it to come through in the live setup.

Having used this microphone previously, I have noted that it has delivered the best kick drum sound that I have heard between the various types of microphones I have used for kicks (Electrovoice RE-20, Sennheiser MD-421). I have been told that the EV RE-27 is also very good - but I have no experience in this area and can't verify or compare.

Included with the microphone is a placement chart. Now, in general, placement charts are used to allow people who may not have a good idea of where to place a microphone a place to start. Once again it is a recommended concept - not set in stone. But, because Shure included the info - I will give a general idea of what was said and the responses you may get from the different setups.

Distance

Direction

Tonal Quality

2-3 inches

Off center of beater

Sharp attack, maximum bass, highest level

8-12 inches

Toward beater

Medium attack, balanced sound

8-12 inches

6-8 inches from edge of skin

Medium attack, reduced bass

To be perfectly honest, I don’t necessarily agree with these. In Audio Multitrack Recording Techniques, there is a suggested mic placement:

Place a cardioid mic inside the rear of the foot drum, half way into the shell, approximately 2 inches from the shell and pointing at the edge of the skin. Move mic closer to the skin for less leakage and reduce bass roll-off.

This placement picks up a good balance of skin and shell sound and gets maximum harmonics of the skin.

Editor's note: The equalization you would have to apply to a "flat mic" to get the frequency response similar the Beta 52 would be: 

frequency

Q

gain

300 hz

0.4

- 4 dB

4000 hz

4.0

+ 12 db

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Copyright © 2001, by Robert Dennis, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Published in Recording Engineer's Quarterly and Alexander magazines with permission

USE OF THIS ARTICLE SUBJECT TO USER AGREEMENT